Binary model for bladder control by 2 opposing reflexes, either closure or micturition. Schematic 3D sagittal view, system in normal closed mode. PCM, pubococcygeus muscle; LP, levator plate; LMA, conjoint longitudinal muscle of the anus; PUL, pubourethral ligament; USL, uterosacral ligament; N, urothelial stretch receptors; CX, cervix; CL, cardinal ligament; ATFP, arcus tendineus fascia pelvis; small green arrows, afferent and efferent nerves; white arrows, cortical suppression. Control of SUI: PCM closes the distal urethra from behind; LP/LMA stretches the proximal urethra around PUL to close the bladder neck. Control of urge: afferent impulses “X” from stretch receptors “N” signal bladder fullness reflexly suppressed cortically (white arrows) or peripherally by a musculo‐elastic mechanism, vaginal stretching by 3 striated pelvic muscles contracting against PUL and USL. Micturition: the closure reflex is shut down and the micturition reflex is activated. PCM relaxes. LP and LMA open out the posterior wall of the urethra (white broken lines below the urethra). Dysfunction: any lesion in the circuit can cause retention or loss of urge control: cortex; collagen loss in PUL, USL weakens pelvic muscle contractile strength; excitation of “N” by inflammation, tumour; MS in afferent nerves (retention), MS in efferent nerves (leakage).