Kaplan-Meier RFS (a) and PFS (b) in the Foley alone treated patients in the IPP group compared with the matched control TURBT group. The median follow-up duration was 31.8 (0.4–120.3) months for the IPP treated with the Foley catheter alone group and 27.7 (2.5–129.1) months for the control TURBT group. RFS, recurrence-free survival; PFS, progression-free survival; IPP, intraperitoneal perforation; TURBT, transurethral resection of bladder tumor.