... emptying/retention were consistent with inability of pelvic muscles to open the posterior urethral wall prior to micturition; pathways for pelvic pain were consistent with de novo impulses from pelvic visceral plexuses caused by unsupported USLs (uterosacral ligaments). Key Messages: As PFS and IC/BPS have...

.... Scheffler in 2021 reported cystoscopically validated cure of HL IC/BPS by repair of uterosacral ligaments (USLs) and in 2022, Goeschen reported non-HL IC/BPS cure in 198 women following USL repair. Both Scheffler and Goeschen hypothesized IC/BPS may be a phenotype of the Integral Theory’s Posterior Fornix...

..., caused by uterosacral ligament (USL) laxity, and cured by repair thereof. Summary: Our hypothesis was that non-Hunner’s interstitial cystitis (IC) and PFS are substantially equivalent conditions. The primary objective was to determine if there was a causal relationship between IC and pelvic organ...