... as a diagnostic method for a condition with a multifactorial origin [ 24 ], despite the predictive value of local anesthetic and speculum tests [ 6, 8, 16 ]. Moreover, the reports of both HL and non-HL cases were based on surgery for posterior fornix syndrome, rather than IC/BPS [ 4, 7 ]. Thus, a less invasive...

...Klaus Goeschen; Darren M. Gold; Bernhard Liedl; Alexander Yassouridis; Peter Petros Background: The posterior fornix syndrome (PFS) was first described in 1993 as a predictably occurring group of symptoms: chronic pelvic pain (CPP), urge, frequency, nocturia, emptying difficulties/urinary retention...

... between Hunner’s ulcer and known pain conditions associated with USL laxity. The original intention was to cure the “posterior fornix syndrome” (PFS), uterine prolapse, and associated pain and bladder symptoms by USL repair. A speculum inserted preoperatively into the posterior fornix alleviated pain...

... may be consistent with symptoms of the posterior fornix syndrome, which comprises 4 main symptoms: micturition difficulties, urge/frequency, nocturia, chronic pelvic pain, all consequent on USL laxity. Surgical cure of OAB and UAB is inconsistent with existing definitions, which imply pathogenesis...