... the stone types, we created three types of deep learning models and extensively compared their classification performance. Results: Among the three major types of models, considering accuracy, sensitivity, and recall, CLNC-LR, IMG-support vector machine (SVM), and FUS-SVM perform the best. The accuracy...

... was collected, and a deep learning model was developed utilizing the U-Net algorithm within a convolutional neural network for training purposes. Results: This study randomly divided 3,500 images from 100 BC patients into training and validation groups, and each patient’s pathology result was confirmed...