... muscle and the levator ani. Conclusion: By using 3D reconstruction and engineering software to visualize muscle models, morphological changes in the bulbospongiosus, pubococcygeus, and levator ani muscles are highlighted. This study lays a theoretical foundation for understanding the functional factors...

.... Nephrostomy tube Misplacement Right atrium 3D reconstruction Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) has become an essential approach to manage upper urinary calculi [1, 2]. Nephrostomy tubes, which effectively compress venous bleeding, are routinely placed after PCNL [3]. Few reports described tubes...