Fig. 1. PRISMA 2020 flow diagram for identification of studies via databases. More about this image found in PRISMA 2020 flow diagram for identification of studies via databases.

Fig. 1. Data generated from flexible ureteroscope with real-time intrarenal pressure (IRP) sensing. Key data include procedure time of 13.5 min, mean IRP of 12 mmHg, peak IRP of 103 mmHg, and 65 s spent at IRP >30 mmHg. More about this image found in Data generated from flexible ureteroscope with real-time intrarenal pressur...

Fig. 2. Forest plot of complication risk comparing patients with higher vs. lower mean IRP during PCNL. Patients with higher mean IRP had four times higher odds of a perioperative complication than those with lower IRP ( p < 0.001). More about this image found in Forest plot of complication risk comparing patients with higher vs. lower m...

Fig. 1. “Simulated operation” relieves pain and urge by supporting USL. Left: 3D view of the PUL and USL attachments to the pelvic brim. A gently inserted speculum mechanically supports lax USLs and pelvic visceral nerve plexuses (VP). The test, if successful, decreases afferent pain and urge i... More about this image found in “Simulated operation” relieves pain and urge by supporting USL. Left: 3D vi...

Fig. 2. Binary model for bladder control by 2 opposing reflexes, either closure or micturition. Schematic 3D sagittal view, system in normal closed mode. PCM, pubococcygeus muscle; LP, levator plate; LMA, conjoint longitudinal muscle of the anus; PUL, pubourethral ligament; USL, uterosacral lig... More about this image found in Binary model for bladder control by 2 opposing reflexes, either closure or ...

Fig. 3. How ligament laxity diminishes striated muscle force? Upper image: Anatomy. If USLs are overstretched by length “E,” the uterus prolapses, LP and LMA lengthen by “E.” The wavy shape of LP and LMA indicate diminution of contractile strength. Lower image: Sarcomere (striated muscle fibres... More about this image found in How ligament laxity diminishes striated muscle force? Upper image: Anatomy....

Fig. 4. The anatomy of nocturia pelvic muscles (large arrows) is relaxed. As the bladder (broken outline) fills, it is distended downwards by gravity “G.” If the uterosacral ligaments (USLs) are weak, they continue to descend until the stretch receptors “N” are stimulated, activating the mictur... More about this image found in The anatomy of nocturia pelvic muscles (large arrows) is relaxed. As the bl...

Fig. 5. Pictorial diagnostic algorithm. Symptoms indicate which ligaments are damaged. Tick every box where a symptom occurs, and the diagnosis of ligament and damage-associated prolapse appears. The rectangle indicates the symptoms associated with USL laxity. The height of the bar indicates th... More about this image found in Pictorial diagnostic algorithm. Symptoms indicate which ligaments are damag...

Fig. 1. Venn diagram showing the relation of diagnostic findings before RNU. Only a small proportion of patients had more than one characteristic indicating high-risk UTUC (overlapping areas). Positive urine cytology was defined as SHGUC or HGUC in the bladder according to the Paris System for ... More about this image found in Venn diagram showing the relation of diagnostic findings before RNU. Only a...

Fig. 2. Prognostic impact of ureterorenoscopic biopsy before RNU. Kaplan-Meier curves for intravesical RFS ( a ), OS ( b ), and CSS ( c ). Log-rank tests showed no significant difference between patients who underwent URS biopsy before RNU and those who did not. a p = 0.8. b p = 0.8. c ... More about this image found in Prognostic impact of ureterorenoscopic biopsy before RNU. Kaplan-Meier curv...