Background: Invasive upper urinary tract procedures such as retrograde pyelography (RP) or single (S-J) or double J (D-J) stenting are commonly performed to assess or treat ureteral strictures. Urinary tract infection (UTI) can result after such procedures, and prophylactic antimicrobial administration (PAA) may be necessary. This study investigated infectious complications and risk factors, focusing on PAA. Methods: We studied antimicrobial prevention in 353 upper urinary tract examinations or treatments. Procedures included S-J or D-J installation or exchange, RP and percutaneous nephrostomy. We investigated PAA and the occurrence of febrile infectious complications with respect to each procedure and attempted to find the risk factors. Results: Levofloxacin was used in 149 subjects (42.2%) and cefcapene pivoxil in 114 cases (32.3%). There were 16 febrile infectious complication cases (4.5%) after procedures, and pyuria or hydronephrosis prior to examination or treatment was an independent risk factor for infectious complication (p < 0.05) as well. Conclusions: These data showed that it is necessary to evaluate the risk factors before urological procedures of the upper urinary tract and to offer a definite preventive methodology according to these risk factors for the establishment and update of guidelines.

Keywords:
Upper urinary tract procedures, Risk factors, Febrile urinary tract infection, Prophylactic antibiotic administration
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© 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel
2011
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