Introduction: Antibiotics-induced acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) is a rare disorder in children, and the diagnosis is often delayed. However, many commonly prescribed antibiotics seem to be implicated. Patients and Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 6 children, age range from 10 months to 14 years, with biopsy-confirmed antibiotics-induced AIN. Clinical presentation, morphological findings, and outcomes are reported. Results: Symptoms of AIN started 2–4 weeks after antimicrobial therapy with β-lactam antibiotics in 5 children and with gentamicin in 1 child. All patients presented with acute renal failure and fever. The glomerular filtration rate was dramatically reduced in 2 cases and mildly reduced in 4 patients. Two of our patients had supportive treatment, 2 received corticosteroid therapy, and 2 children remained under peritoneal dialysis for 12 and 22 days, respectively. Five patients had a full recovery of their renal function, and 1 child, 2 years later, still presented impairment of the renal function. Conclusion: AIN should be considered in case of acute renal failure in children, mostly when other common causes have been excluded, and there is a history of drug exposure.

Keywords:
Acute interstitial nephritis, antibiotics-induced, Children, antibiotics-induced interstitial nephritis, Antibiotics, interstitial nephritis
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© 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel
2006
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