Examination of exfoliated urothelial cells present in the urine has been shown to be diagnostic by many researchers, but cytology is not yet widely accepted for routine diagnostic purposes. Cytology is highly efficient in the primary diagnosis of high grade transitional carcinoma (grade II–III) but of limited value in the diagnosis of benign papilloma and low grade tumors. The sensitivity of cytology would be increased by improving the techniques of collecting cells out of the urine, using highly sensitive staining techniques and by objective cytologic measuring methods. Using a computer-based cytophotometric microscope, the cytologic analysis of 26 patients with bladder tumors are represented. There is evidence that a computerized measuring system is able to detect bladder tumors with a high accuracy.

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