The clinical staging of bladder carcinoma by the TNM system was studied in 211 patients. Due to difficulties in clinical staging based upon the findings of cystoscopy, bimanual palpation with the patient under anesthesia and biopsy alone, the diagnostic accuracy of roentgenographic procedure was evaluated. The value of bladder angiography, cystography and peripneumocystography combined with tomography in the assessment of tumor size and the extent of perivesical infiltration, as well as the value of lymphography in the demonstration of lymph node metastases was studied in a group of 51 patients. The comparison of the staging based upon clinical criteria alone, with the combined clinico-roentgenological classification showed that the clinical classification results in understaging of patients having an infiltrating bladder carcinoma. The importance of an accurate pretreatment staging of bladder tumors for the appropriate selection of treatment modality was stressed, in order to increase the accuracy of staging of bladder carcinoma by the TNM system, a combined clinico-roentgenological classification was proposed.

Keywords:
Roentgenography, Staging of carcinoma, Carcinoma of the urinary bladder, TNM system
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© 1971 S. Karger AG, Basel
1971
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