Abstract
Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) in children who previously underwent ipsilateral open renal stone surgery (ORSS). Methods: A total of 315 renal units (RUs) with renal stones underwent SWL treatment in our department over a period of 18 years. A total of 274 RUs (87%) with no history of ORSS were categorized as group 1 and 41 RUs (13%) with a history of ORSS were categorized as group 2. The characteristics of the patients and renal stones, as well as the treatment modalities, were reviewed retrospectively, and the results were compared in terms of the rates of stone-free patients and complications. Results: The stone-free rates were statistically lower in patients with an existing history of ORSS (p = 0.002), especially for stones located at the lower calyx (p = 0.006). However, there were no differences between groups in the rate of complications (p = 0.75). History of ipsilateral ORSS, age, and stone burden were independent risk factors that predicted a stone-free status in the regression analysis (p = 0.016, p = 0.045, and p = 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: The overall stone-free rate after SWL was found to be significantly lower in children with a history of ORSS than in those without, and this finding was significantly prominent for lower calyx stones. In spite of the possible difficulties in achieving surgical access due to anatomical changes in retrograde intrarenal surgery or mini-/micro-percutaneous nephrolithotomy, we believe that these techniques might be good alternatives for SWL in future cases.
References
1.
Shah
AM
, Kalmunkar
S
, Punekar
SV
, Billimoria
FR
, Bapat
SD
, Deshmukh
SS
. Spectrum of pediatric urolithiasis in western India
. Indian J Pediatr
. 1991 Aug
;58
(4
):543
–9
. 2.
Caglayan
V
, Onen
E
, Avci
S
, Sambel
M
, Kilic
M
, Oner
S
. Comparison of Guy’s Stone Score and clinical research of the endourological society nomogram for predicting surgical outcomes after pediatric percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a single center study
. Minerva Urol Nefrol
. 2019 Dec
;71
(6
):619
–26
. 3.
Rizvi
SA
, Naqvi
SA
, Hussain
Z
, Hashmi
A
, Hussain
M
, Zafar
MN
, et al. The management of stone disease
. BJU Int
. 2002 Mar
;89
(Suppl 1
):62
–8
. 4.
Remzi
D
, Cakmak
F
, Erkan
I
. A study on the urolithiasis incidence in Turkish school-age children
. J Urol
. 1980 Apr
;123
(4
):608
. 5.
Fallahzadeh
MA
, Hassanzadeh
J
, Fallahzadeh
MH
. What do we know about pediatric renal microlithiasis?
J Renal Inj Prev
. 2017 Nov 14
;6
(2
):70
–5
. 6.
Radmayr
C
, Bogaert
G
, Dogan
HS
, Nijman
JM
, Silay
MS
, Stein
R
, et al. EAU guidelines on paediatric urology 2020
. In: European association of urology guidelines
. 2020 ed. Arnhem, The Netherlands
: European Association of Urology Guidelines Office
; 2020
. Vol. presented at the EAU Annual Congress Amsterdam 2020
.7.
Aldaqadossi
HA
, Kotb
Y
, Mohi
K
. Efficacy and safety of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in children with previous renal stone operations
. J Endourol
. 2015
;29
(8
):878
–82
. 8.
Onal
B
, Citgez
S
, Tansu
N
, Emin
G
, Demirkesen
O
, Talat
Z
, et al. What changed in the management of pediatric stones after the introduction of minimally invasive procedures? A single-center experience over 24 years
. J Pediatr Urol
. 2013 Dec
;9
(6 Pt A
):910
–4
. 9.
Chaussy
C
, Eisenberger
F
, Forssmann
B
. Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL): a chronology
. J Endourol
. 2007 Nov
;21
(11
):1249
–53
. 10.
Gültekin
MH
, Türegün
FA
, Ozkan
B
, Tülü
B
, Güleç
GG
, Tansu
N
, et al. Does previous open renal stone surgery affect the outcome of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy treatment in adults with renal stones?
J Endourol
. 2017 Dec
;31
(12
):1295
–300
. 11.
Brodie
KE
, Lane
VA
, Lee
TW
, Roberts
JP
, Raghavan
A
, Hughes
D
, et al. Outcomes following ‘mini’ percutaneous nephrolithotomy for renal calculi in children. A single-centre study
. J Pediatr Urol
. 2015 Jun
;11
(3
):120
–5
. 12.
Akin
Y
, Yucel
S
. Long-term effects of pediatric extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy on renal function
. Res Rep Urol
. 2014 Apr 28
;6
:21
–5
. 13.
Dogan
HS
, Altan
M
, Citamak
B
, Bozaci
AC
, Karabulut
E
, Tekgul
S
. A new nomogram for prediction of outcome of pediatric shock-wave lithotripsy
. J Pediatr Urol
. 2015 Apr
;11
(2
):84.e1
–6
. 14.
Jones
DJ
, Russell
GL
, Kellett
MJ
, Wickham
JE
. The changing practice of percutaneous stone surgery. Review of 1000 cases 1981–1988
. Br J Urol
. 1990 Jul
;66
(1
):1
–5
. 15.
Telli
O
, Haciyev
P
, Karimov
S
, Sarici
H
, Karakan
T
, Ozgur
BC
, et al. Does previous stone treatment in children generate a disadvantage or just the opposite?
Urolithiasis
. 2015 Apr
;43
(2
):141
–5
. 16.
Nelson
CP
, Diamond
DA
, Cendron
M
, Peters
CA
, Cilento
BG
. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in pediatric patients using a late generation portable lithotriptor: experience at Children’s Hospital Boston
. J Urol
. 2008 Oct
;180
(4 Suppl
):1865
–8
. 17.
Badawy
AA
, Saleem
MD
, Abolyosr
A
, Aldahshoury
M
, Elbadry
MS
, Abdalla
MA
, et al. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy as first line treatment for urinary tract stones in children: outcome of 500 cases
. Int Urol Nephrol
. 2012 Jun
;44
(3
):661
–6
. 18.
Demirkesen
O
, Onal
B
, Tansu
N
, Altintaş
R
, Yalçin
V
, Oner
A
. Efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for isolated lower caliceal stones in children compared with stones in other renal locations
. Urology
. 2006 Jan
;67
(1
):170
–4
. 19.
Kalorin
CM
, Zabinski
A
, Okpareke
I
, White
M
, Kogan
BA
. Pediatric urinary stone disease: does age matter?
J Urol
. 2009 May
;181
(5
):2267
–71
. 20.
Onal
B
, Demirkesen
O
, Tansu
N
, Kalkan
M
, Altintaş
R
, Yalçin
V
. The impact of caliceal pelvic anatomy on stone clearance after shock wave lithotripsy for pediatric lower pole stones
. J Urol
. 2004 Sep
;172
(3
):1082
–6
. 21.
Onal
B
, Tansu
N
, Demirkesen
O
, Yalcin
V
, Huang
L
, Nguyen
HT
, et al. Nomogram and scoring system for predicting stone-free status after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in children with urolithiasis
. BJU Int
. 2013 Feb
;111
(2
):344
–52
. 22.
Madbouly
K
, Sheir
KZ
, Elsobky
E
. Impact of lower pole renal anatomy on stone clearance after shock wave lithotripsy: fact or fiction?
J Urol
. 2001 May
;165
(5
):1415
–8
. 23.
Donaldson
JF
, Lardas
M
, Scrimgeour
D
, Stewart
F
, MacLennan
S
, Lam
TB
, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the clinical effectiveness of shock wave lithotripsy, retrograde intrarenal surgery, and percutaneous nephrolithotomy for lower-pole renal stones
. Eur Urol
. 2015 Apr
;67
(4
):612
–6
. 24.
Boormans
JL
, Scheepe
JR
, Verkoelen
CF
, Verhagen
PC
. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy for treating renal calculi in children
. BJU Int
. 2005 Mar
;95
(4
):631
–4
. 25.
Onal
B
, Gevher
F
, Argun
B
, Dogan
C
, Citgez
S
, Onder
AU
, et al. Does previous open nephrolithotomy affect the outcomes and complications of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in children?
J Pediatr Urol
. 2014 Aug
;10
(4
):730
–6
. 26.
Hatipoglu
NK
, Sancaktutar
AA
, Tepeler
A
, Bodakci
MN
, Penbegul
N
, Atar
M
, et al. Comparison of shockwave lithotripsy and microperc for treatment of kidney stones in children
. J Endourol
. 2013 Sep
;27
(9
):1141
–6
. 27.
Erkurt
B
, Caskurlu
T
, Atis
G
, Gurbuz
C
, Arikan
O
, Pelit
ES
, et al. Treatment of renal stones with flexible ureteroscopy in preschool age children
. Urolithiasis
. 2014 Jun
:42
(3
):241
–5
. © 2020 S. Karger AG, Basel
2020
Copyright / Drug Dosage / Disclaimer
Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.
Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.
You do not currently have access to this content.
